Opinion/Analysis: Smart social engineering helps virus spread

By Hector D. Calabia

IDG News Service, Buenos Aires Bureau

BUENOS AIRES – (07/23/2001)

 

As of this writing, my computer trash can contains 18 messages from 13 people that I received since July 17 with the Sircam worm, in its various guises, both in English and Spanish. As I have already said on a previous story, I am not particularly fond of antivirus software and, although I realize its importance and usefulness, I do not have an antivirus permanently active on my system. It wouldn't have been useful in this case, as the virus spread more rapidly than the antivirus countermeasures, as it often happens in these cases. What I do rely on is on the gold rule of not clicking on messages from unknown senders, or having unexpected attachments.

 

This time, however, I confess I had a hard time resisting the temptation. This worm employs such a variety of deceptive techniques that even wary and vigilant computer users may fall.

 

First trick: The worm is bilingual. If you live in an English speaking country, you'll probably receive its English version. However, if you live in Latin America or Spain, you'll probably get the Spanish version. This is just a statistical probability, however, as the Internet knows of no national or language boundaries; but it does increase the chances for the worm to spread. I have an top level (not national) e-mail address, and my trash can has 8 messages in English and 10 in Spanish... a fairly proportional distribution, for such a small sample.

 

Second trick: The worm is loquacious. Besides being bilingual, each time it reproduces, the worm displays a different set of catchy, click-inducing phrases: "I send you this file in order to have your advice", or "I hope you can help me with this file that I send", or "This is the file with the information that you ask for", or a few others. But it is easy to catch, if you know this: The first and the last line are always the same: "Hi! How are you?" "See you later. Thanks." Casual enough, however, to make you think that they come from an old acquaintance.

 

Third trick: A different subject line and attachment each time. This is probably the most deceptive and one of the most dangerous features of this cunning worm. Each time, the virus routines select a different file from the infected machine, and attaches itself to it. Then it copies the file name (without extension) to the subject line.  My trash can contains four messages from a certain Johana C., each with a different attachment and subject line: "CK", "Jobs and Professions", "Tegucigalpa", "Cooperativa".

 

Fourth trick: This one is well known already, as it has been used by a variety of worms, since the infamous "Love letter" one: the worm keeps an innocent looking file extension (.txt, .jpg or .doc) and it adds an executable extension of its own: ".exe, .lnk, .com, or .pif". This dangerous executable extension, however, is often hidden by the Windows operating system, and that induces the fatal clicking on the infected file.

 

The virus spread

 

The worm has several names: Sircam.A, W32/Sircam, or Sircam.worm@mm. According to security experts, the virus continues spreading at an alarming rate through the Internet. It was first discovered on July 17. By now the infection has reached about 95 countries, and many hundreds of thousands of infected machines. Symantec has upgraded the threat level of Sircam from 3 to 4, due to its increased rate of submissions, according to Symantec's web site. A Monday report from the specialized ISP MessageLabs anticipates continued spread growth mainly in the Americas, Great Britain and Spain.

 

Security expert Bernardo Quinteros, head of the Spanish site Hispasec, reports that "the virus is having a specially high incidence in Spanish speaking countries, helped by the fact that it 'speaks Spanish', and the infection rate is now higher than the well known Hybris and Magistr worms".

 

The virus payload

 

The malicious payload of the worm is rather dangerous, especially for users of the international date format (day/month/year), as it is programmed to "consider" the erasure of the entire contents of the victim's C drive on July 16, according to Quinteros or October 16, according to the Symantec web site. There is a 1 in 20 chance of this effectively occurring, as the cunning worm "throws the dice" -- that is, it executes a randomizer routine -- on the designated date, to see whether to erase the disc or not. The fact that for now the erase action is limited to systems using the international date format reinforces the suspicion that the worm was created in a Spanish speaking country. However, this oversight can be probably "solved" in a next version of the worm, increasing its danger.

 

The worm presents other dangers for all the infected:

 

1. Overload on SMTP (mail) servers. As the worm chooses at random any of the victim's files, often very large files are transmitted, that can clog up the networks. According to MessageLabs "because this worm attaches a file of arbitrary length to itself, it can cause denial of service attacks on the message recipient. [...] This results in large files being mailed out by the worm, causing bandwidth problems for sender and receiver. The largest file we have stopped so far was 107 Mb."

 

2. Compromised confidentiality. The worm behavior allows the random spread of any type of files, including highly confidential ones, that are chosen at random by the worm. Quinteros says: "I have personally received samples with sensitive corporate files, that is very easy to display. It is just necessary to remove the virus code lines that are inserted at the beginning of the file in order to get the original file."

 

3. Hard drive congestion. After having reproduced itself many times, the worm enters into a self reproducing mode on the same computer, that slowly fills up the victim's hard drive. Eventually, the whole system will stop working.

 

4. Network congestion:. The worm is "network aware". It can explore the a local area network (LAN) drives, and propagate itself to networked computers, even if they are not directly connected to the Internet.

 

5. Extensive changes to the Windows registry. In order to control its own behavior, the worm creates a Registry key of its own, and it modifies another one, that allows it to run each time Windows runs, and to attach itself to executables files. "When I realized what was happening I immediately downloaded the Norton updates and eliminated the virus. But the havoc it wreaked is still there: I can open no programs -- none -- directly, but instead must click on files to start my programs," says Alan Hynds, a Mexico-based translator, that opened the attachment on Sunday morning. "(I'll have) a technician come this afternoon to reformat my hard drive."

 

 

Prognosis

 

Worm and virus writers are continuously improving. The yet unknown writer of Sircom has very cunningly combined effective computer programming with social engineering and bilingualism. Antivirus software, by its very nature, comes always somewhat late. What else is there in the works, lurking in the dark? We are up for a very nasty surprise one of these days.

 

The main antivirus vendors websites have full descriptions on how to deal with this worm, or how to remove it from the infected machines. See: http://www.mcafee.com  or http://www.symantec.com/avcenter . For instructions in Spanish, see http://www.hispasec.com/unaaldia.asp?id=997

 

This article was originally published by the IDG World Network of magazines and Web Sites
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